New international study: Follow-up of first responders

Summary of a new study:

Individuals who witness or participate in resuscitation efforts following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest may experience intense psychological reactions afterward. A new international review study shows that while several countries have established support programs, little is still known about which measures are most effective.

The study, published in the journal *Resuscitation*, maps out existing support services for next of kin, bystanders, and other first responders. The researchers identified 14 different support programs, all based in Western, high-income countries.

RAKOS contributed to the research team behind the study, and the Norwegian follow-up service for first responders is one of the programs included in the review.

The most common measures include providing information, conversations, and post-incident debriefing. Some individuals receive support at the scene, while others are contacted later via telephone or text message. Several services also offer digital resources and the option for further follow-up with healthcare professionals.

The need for support can be significant. First responders report experiences such as shock, fear, guilt, sleep problems, and a strong need to understand what happened. In the Norwegian study, 84 percent reported at least one symptom or functional impairment. Among those followed up after more than one month, 19 percent met the criteria for PTSD or complex PTSD.

At the same time, the review reveals a significant gap in knowledge: none of the identified studies have sufficiently investigated whether these support measures actually reduce psychological distress over time. There is therefore a need for further research into both their effectiveness and the best ways to reach first responders who require follow-up. The main message is clear: those who attempt to save lives may themselves need support afterwards. Information, the opportunity to talk through the event, and easy access to further help should therefore be key components of the follow-up after cardiac arrest.

Here is a link to the PDF of the article in *Resuscitation*:
Resuscitation.pdf